Log & Error Handling

Logging

Casbin uses the built-in log to print logs to console by default like:

2017/07/15 19:43:56 [Request: alice, data1, read ---> true]

The logging is not enabled by default. You can toggle it via Enforcer.EnableLog() or the last parameter of NewEnforcer().

note

We already support logging the model, enforce request, role, policy in Golang. You can define your own log for logging Casbin.

If you are using Python, pycasbin leverages the default Python logging mechanism. The pycasbin package makes a call to logging.getLogger() to set the logger. No special logging configuration is needed other than initializing the logger in the parent application. If no logging is intitilized within the parent application you will not see any log messages from pycasbin.

Use different logger for different enforcer

Every enforcer could have its own logger to log info, and it could be changed at run-time.

And you could use a proper logger via the last paramter of NewEnforcer(), if you using this way to initialize your enforcer, you needn't use the enabled parameter, cause the priority of the enabled field in logger is higher.

// Set a default logger as enforcer e1's logger.
// This operation could also be seen as changing the logger of e1 at run-time.
e1.SetLogger(&Log.DefaultLogger{})

// Set another logger as enforcer e2's logger.
e2.SetLogger(&YouOwnLogger)

// Set your logger when initialize enforcer e3.
e3, _ := casbin.NewEnforcer("examples/rbac_model.conf", a, logger)

Supported loggers

We provide some loggers to help you log information.

PHP

Logger	Author	Description
Defatule logger (built-in)	Casbin	The default logger using golang log.
Zap logger	Casbin	Using zap, provide json encoded log and you could customize more with your own zap-logger.

Logger	Author	Description
psr3-bridge logger	Casbin	Provides a PSR-3 compliant bridge.

How to write a logger

Your logger should implement the Logger interface.

Method	Type	Description
EnableLog()	mandatory	Control whether print the message.
IsEnabled()	mandatory	Show the current logger's enabled status.
LogModel()	mandatory	Log info related to model.
LogEnforce()	mandatory	Log info related to enforce.
LogRole()	mandatory	Log info related to role.
LogPolicy()	mandatory	Log info related to policy.

You can pass your custom logger to Enforcer.SetLogger().

Here is an example about how to customize a logger for Golang:

import (
    "fmt"
    "log"
    "strings"
)

// DefaultLogger is the implementation for a Logger using golang log.
type DefaultLogger struct {
    enabled bool
}

func (l *DefaultLogger) EnableLog(enable bool) {
    l.enabled = enable
}

func (l *DefaultLogger) IsEnabled() bool {
    return l.enabled
}

func (l *DefaultLogger) LogModel(model [][]string) {
    if !l.enabled {
        return
    }
    var str strings.Builder
    str.WriteString("Model: ")
    for _, v := range model {
        str.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf("%v\n", v))
    }

    log.Println(str.String())
}

func (l *DefaultLogger) LogEnforce(matcher string, request []interface{}, result bool, explains [][]string) {
    if !l.enabled {
        return
    }

    var reqStr strings.Builder
    reqStr.WriteString("Request: ")
    for i, rval := range request {
        if i != len(request)-1 {
            reqStr.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf("%v, ", rval))
        } else {
            reqStr.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf("%v", rval))
        }
    }
    reqStr.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf(" ---> %t\n", result))

    reqStr.WriteString("Hit Policy: ")
    for i, pval := range explains {
        if i != len(explains)-1 {
            reqStr.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf("%v, ", pval))
        } else {
            reqStr.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf("%v \n", pval))
        }
    }

    log.Println(reqStr.String())
}

func (l *DefaultLogger) LogPolicy(policy map[string][][]string) {
    if !l.enabled {
        return
    }

    var str strings.Builder
    str.WriteString("Policy: ")
    for k, v := range policy {
        str.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf("%s : %v\n", k, v))
    }

    log.Println(str.String())
}

func (l *DefaultLogger) LogRole(roles []string) {
    if !l.enabled {
        return
    }

    log.Println("Roles: ", roles)
}

Error handling

Error or panic may happen when you use Casbin for reasons like:

Invalid syntax in model file (.conf).
Invalid syntax in policy file (.csv).
Custom error from storage adapters, e.g., MySQL fails to connect.
Casbin's bug.

There are five main functions you may need to care about for error or panic:

Function	Behavior on error
NewEnforcer()	Return error
LoadModel()	Return error
LoadPolicy()	Return error
SavePolicy()	Return error
Enforce()	Return error

note

NewEnforcer() calls LoadModel() and LoadPolicy() inside. So you don't have to call the latter two calls when using NewEnforcer().

Enable & disable

The enforcer can be disabled via the Enforcer.EnableEnforce() function. When it's disabled, Enforcer.Enforce() will always return true. Other operations like adding or removing policy is not affected. Here's an example:

e := casbin.NewEnforcer("examples/basic_model.conf", "examples/basic_policy.csv")

// Will return false.
// By default, the enforcer is enabled.
e.Enforce("non-authorized-user", "data1", "read")

// Disable the enforcer at run-time.
e.EnableEnforce(false)

// Will return true for any request.
e.Enforce("non-authorized-user", "data1", "read")

// Enable the enforcer again.
e.EnableEnforce(true)

// Will return false.
e.Enforce("non-authorized-user", "data1", "read")